Web Hacking

Web hacking is a vast and complex topic, so this section is split into multiple sections.

However, we cannot talk about web hacking without mention OWASP Top 10.

"The OWASP Top 10 is a standard awareness document for developers and web application security. It represents a broad consensus about the most critical security risks to web applications."

I have a section on under "Capture The Flag" on the OWASP Juice Shop, showcasing various common web vulnerabilities found in the OWASP Top 10.

Vulnerability	Description	Example
Broken Access Control	Failure to enforce proper access restrictions, allowing unauthorized users to access certain functionality or data in a web application.	In a banking application, an unauthorized regular customer can access the admin panel, potentially compromising sensitive financial data.
Cryptographic Failures	Weaknesses in encryption and hashing mechanisms used to protect sensitive data in a web application, potentially leading to data leakage.	An e-commerce website employs outdated encryption algorithms, enabling attackers to intercept and decrypt payment data during transmission.
Injection	Exploitation of untrusted data that is improperly processed and executed as code within a web application, such as SQL or script injection.	A poorly secured web application allows an attacker to submit malicious SQL code in an input field, leading to unauthorized access and data breaches.
Insecure Design	Vulnerabilities in the fundamental architecture and design of a web application that can lead to security breaches.	A social media platform's flawed design allows users to manipulate URLs and access each other's private content, violating user privacy.
Security Misconfiguration	Vulnerabilities arising from improper configuration of web applications, servers, or databases, exposing weaknesses.	An incorrectly configured web server displays detailed error messages, revealing system information and making it susceptible to targeted attacks.
Vulnerable and Outdated Components	Vulnerabilities resulting from outdated components like libraries or plugins in web applications.	An outdated plugin in a content management system (CMS) allows attackers to gain unauthorized access to the CMS, risking the entire website's security.
Identification and Authentication Failures	Vulnerabilities arising from inadequately verifying user identities and managing authentication, potentially leading to unauthorized access.	Weak or missing authentication controls in a web application enable unauthorized users to access sensitive data and perform actions reserved for authenticated users.
Software and Data Integrity Failures	Vulnerabilities resulting from failures to ensure the integrity of software and data, which may lead to malicious alterations or unauthorized access.	Lack of data integrity checks allows attackers to alter sensitive data in a web application, potentially leading to data tampering or breaches.
Security Logging and Monitoring Failures	Vulnerabilities linked to inadequate security logging and monitoring, making it difficult to detect and respond to security incidents.	Failing to log and monitor security events in a web system may result in missed critical alerts and security breaches, leading to delayed responses.
Server-Side Request Forgery	A vulnerability where an attacker tricks a web application into making unintended and unauthorized requests to internal resources.	Forcing a web application to access internal resources can lead to data exposure, service disruption, and potentially compromise sensitive information.